Minimum Dissipation Theorem for Microswimmers

We derive a theorem for the lower bound on energy dissipation rate by rigid surface-driven active microswimmer of arbitrary shape in fluid at low Reynolds number. show that, any swimmer, minimum given velocity can be expressed terms resistance tensors two passive bodies same with no-slip and perfect-slip boundary. To achieve absolute dissipation, optimal swimmer needs surface profile that corresponds to flow around body, propulsive force density body. Using this theorem, we propose an alternative definition energetic efficiency microswimmers unlike commonly used Lighthill efficiency, never exceed unity. validate theory calculating limits spheroidal swimmers.